Important points in the design of electrical panels for industrial machines

• Compliance with safety issues: Failure to comply with safety issues in this type of switchboards can cause heavy damages. To view the latest safety measures, refer to the website of the Program and Budget Organization publication.
• There are two types of maps in these boards, both of which are equally important.
  • Riser diagram map: This map is used to determine the location of the board.
  • Internal map: This map is drawn for all equipment, including fuses, lines, etc., related to the inside of the panel.Wiring inside the panel: The wiring in this panel is done with copper wires and suitable wires. Earth wire is one of the most essential items that must be present in the electrical panel of industrial machines, which are usually green in color.

If you are interested in these topics and learning this type of electrical panels, we have mentioned the principles that you need to know:

• At the beginning of the construction of this type of board, you must design the command, logic and control circuits.
• Familiarity with electrical installations and their calculations
• Familiarity with systems protection, which is better learned academically.
• Learning electrical equipment and getting to know their operation
• The need to learn the specialized principles of electrical panels and points such as voltage and so on

Components of low voltage electrical panel

The components of the low voltage switchboard can be divided into the following three parts:

• Circuit Breaker: This part is considered an important part in the low pressure switchboard because in the event of a fault, it can cut off the circuit and prevent possible damage. This part of the circuit breaker is capable of holding up to four circuit breakers (vertically) and the function of this part is such that each circuit breaker has the ability to isolate the power circuit from other circuit breakers.
• Bus compartment: The bus compartment is exactly behind the circuit breaker, which uses solid barriers to separate the compartments in the side bus in the low pressure switchboard. In fact, these barriers act like insulation.
• Cable compartment: for better access to the wires of the electrical panel in the cable compartment, the cable compartment has been made in such a way that its doors are either hinged or protected with covers that can be separated, and these two methods are more than simple. It is the most available method that gives us access to the back parts of the housing.

Low pressure switchboard equipment

As mentioned before, all low voltage switchboard equipment is dependent on performance, that is why their installation must be done correctly at the beginning of the work. Each equipment has a specific task according to its working nature; The following items can be mentioned from the internal equipment of the low pressure switchboard.

Types of fuses in low pressure switchboards

According to the working nature of the fuse, it can be considered as one of the important and necessary equipments of the low pressure switchboard, because different types of fuses cut off the current of the circuit and protect the switchboard when the current exceeds the permissible limit.

All types of switches in the low pressure switchboard

Keys always play an effective role in all types of electrical panels. In low pressure electrical panels, all types of keys can be used; These switches include load disconnect switch, current leakage switches, MPCB switch, isolating switch, three-phase and single-phase non-metal switches, MCB and MCCB automatic switches, etc.

Load cut-off switch

The load disconnect switch is made manually and its function is open and closed (two positions) and it is very easy to work with it; The specifications of this key are determined according to the following factors.

Switch operation frequency
Electrical and mechanical stability
Making breaking capacity or current (this item can be checked under normal or abnormal conditions.)
MCB automatic switch

MCB switches have a thermal or magneto-thermo function and in low pressure switchboards and other switchboards, due to their high sensitivity when the load increases, they consume more than fuses, and also the non-disposability of these switches is one of the features that make us It is encouraged to use it in low voltage switchboards.

RCD or RCBO residual current switch

The current leakage switch, in case of seeing a difference between the forward and reverse currents, cuts the circuit immediately to prevent possible damages. For example, if there is a connection between the phase and the metal body of the device, the miniature switches or fuses are not able to identify this error and naturally they do not cut the circuit without detecting the error, which causes events such as electric shock, fire, etc. These types of risks can be avoided if a current leakage switch is used.

MPCB key

This protective switch is used in the low pressure switchboard to detect the magnetic fault as well as the overload fault, which is considered as a source of safety electricity for the motors; The MPCB switch in other switchboards can perform several tasks, which include error display, automatic reconnection, performing various types of protections such as protection against phase loss, etc.

Separator key

In order to facilitate the maintenance of electrical panels, they use a disconnector switch, which is used both manually and automatically in two positions (open or closed).

double washing

If using a double thumbstick, it can be used to start and stop the engine, but if single thumbsticks are used, only one of the mentioned tasks will be given to us.

Low pressure electrical panel contractor

Contactors are also considered as magnetic switches that have a fast function and provide us with the possibility of connecting and disconnecting the circuit and all three-phase and single-phase devices remotely. When the cut-off command is given to the contactor, the contactor cuts off all single-phase and three-phase electrical devices through the circuit.

Digital three-phase phase control

The digital three-phase phase control in the low pressure switchboard is actually a protective device that protects the electric motors in the low pressure switchboard.

Three-phase and single-phase bimetals

This type of non-metal has a protective role in the low pressure switchboard; Three-phase and single-phase bimetal can protect three-phase motors during overload (with low voltage).

Limit switch in low pressure switchboard

One of the ways to control the system is to create a safety lock, for which limit switches can be used.

Microswitch in the low pressure switchboard

Because of its function, the microswitch is one of the simplest equipments used in the low pressure switchboard; Microswitches are used in low pressure switchboards only to turn off or on the current.

Timers and time switches

Setting the time between two circuit tasks in the low pressure switchboard is done by timers and time switches.

Weekly command hour

This equipment is used in low pressure switchboards and other switchboards to turn off or on the circuit for a specific period (daily, weekly).

Restart timer

Due to power fluctuations or other existing errors, there is a possibility of disconnecting and connecting the power, which causes damage to the electrical panel. To prevent this type of damage, you can use the restart timer.

Voltage protection in low pressure switchboard

In the low pressure switchboard, the voltage protector uses the earth wire to repel the overvoltage and thereby protect the electricity voltage.

Weak pressure control of the load in the switchboard

The load control in the electric switchboard can be considered as an alternative to non-metals, this part shows its performance during overload by cutting off the electric motors.

Electronic floater

This part prevents the engine from running dry by controlling the liquid level in the low pressure electrical panel so as not to damage it.

Transformers in the low pressure switchboard

Transformers are used in low voltage switchboards to measure current and voltage with high accuracy.

Thermostats in the electrical panel are weak

The function of the thermostat in the low pressure switchboard is such that it sets the thermal temperature of the device and its operating temperature in the same direction.

The sensor in the electrical panel is weak

Sensors or sensors are used in the low pressure switchboard to convert the physical quantity into electrical so that they can provide conditions for the correct operation of the switchboard.

Digital counter

A digital counter is used to control and display the processes performed by the switchboard. A variety of measuring equipment can be used in low voltage switchboards to measure various parameters such as total power, power factor, voltage, current, etc.

Input and output cables

In the low voltage switchboard, the I/O cables can be XLPE or EPR.

Internal tires

Busbars are used to maintain and connect the internal components of the electrical panel, which can be made of copper or aluminum.

The arrester in the electrical panel is weak

Surge arresters are used to protect equipment in low pressure switchboard against overcurrent and high voltages such as lightning.

Low pressure switchboard standard

The standards in the subject of low pressure switchboards can also provide us with good information from the beginning to the end of the work, this information includes information about design and construction, installation and maintenance, transportation and even internal equipment and the body of the switchboard. . Paying attention to these standards, which provide us with appropriate information, is considered essential. The valid IEC standard examines more detailed items about low voltage switchboards, which include types of covers, switches, switchboard body skeleton, measuring equipment, wiring, display lamps, etc.